Examples of Poultry in Hainan

Arborophila ardens

    Hainanshan Partridge (scientific name: Arborophila ardens): the total length is about 23-30cm, and the weight is 200-260g. It is one of the most beautiful species in the genus partridge. Its eyes, forehead, eyebrow lines, cheek, head side, chin and throat are all black and connected; ear feathers are white; the front neck and the base of neck side are light orange red with black spots; white spots are scattered above the black eyebrow lines, forming a white line extending backward to the back neck. It is found in only a few mountain evergreen forests at an altitude of 900-1200 meters. It mainly feeds on the leaves, buds and seeds of shrubs and herbs, as well as animal food such as insects and snails. The natural enemies are weasel and Raptor. This species is very rare in the world. It is a special pheasant in China, only distributed in Hainan Province. It belongs to the first-class national protected animal.

The main habitat of this bird is tropical rain forest and mountain evergreen forest in Hainan Island, including Jianfengling, Bawangling, Wuzhi Mountain and Diaoluo Mountain.

 

​Polyplectron katsumatae

    Hainan Peacock Pheasant (scientific name: polypectron katsumatae): one of the rare and endangered pheasants, the male is 50-67 cm long and weighs 456-710 g; the female is 33-52 cm long and weighs 460-500 G. Male birds often have crests on their heads; their faces are more or less naked; their body feathers are soft; they are generally brown or grayish brown, with yellow skin dots scattered; the wings and tail also have eye-shaped spots of metallic luster; the tail has 20-24 tail feathers, and the central tail feather is about twice as long as the outermost one, so it is convex tail shaped; the secondary feather of both wings is almost the same length as the primary feather; the first primary feather is shorter than the second, and the second is shorter It is shorter than the 10th, and the 7th is slightly the longest: the tarsometatarsal is long and strong, longer than the middle toe with claws; the male has spurs, usually two, sometimes one or three. The female has smaller body shape; the plumage color type is simple and blunt, with less eye spots; the tarsometatarsal and tail are short: no spur. Solitary or tufted bamboo of 1500 m. If disturbed, run away. Rarely fly to the top of the tree, but drill into the dense branches. Perched on branches at night. The food is almost all insects and worms. It is endemic to China and belongs to the first class protected animal in China. "Hainan peacock pheasant is one of the rare and endangered pheasants. It is an endemic species in Hainan and a national first-class protected animal." According to Professor Wang Jichao of Hainan Normal University, they are tropical rain forest pheasants. They live in mountainous areas with an altitude of 150-1200 meters. They are mainly distributed in Bawangling, Jianfengling and Limu mountains.

 

​Phylloscopus hainanus

    Hainan warbler (scientific name: Phylloscopus hainanus): it is a small yellow warbler with a body length of 10-11cm. The upper body is green, the lower back is yellow green, the lower body is bright yellow, and the eyebrow lines and top lines are yellow. There are usually two pterygoid plaques. The lower mouth is pink. The lateral and penultimate tail feathers have large white and light lateral crowns, which are different from the similar white spotted warbler, black browed warbler and mountain warbler. Iris brown; upper mouth brown, lower mouth pink; feet orange brown.

It mainly inhabits in the secondary forest of Subtropical Mountain in Hainan Island, especially in the edge of low mountain forest and roadside secondary forest, and the edge of mature tropical forest is more common. They are often found alone or in pairs, and they also gather about 30 small groups for foraging. Sometimes they mingle with other warblers. During the breeding period, the male song is high, short and varied. It feeds on insects and insect larvae. It is endemic to Hainan Island, China. In the second half of the 20th century, Hainan was visited by Chinese ornithologists. On April 20, 1962, the first Hainan willow warbler was collected and preserved in the Institute of zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. "Although the name of the bird species and the name of the collector are not on the label, at least it can be confirmed that the collector is a Chinese." Li Fei said. Unfortunately, the collector does not represent the discoverer. 26 years later, this specimen of a willow warbler "lying" in the Chinese Academy of Sciences was noticed by the Swedish scholars per Alstrom and urban Olsson. By comparing the warbler from Hainan in several herbarium and making a personal investigation in Jianfengling, they finally identified and published the new species in 1993, and finally the third Hainan endemic bird was born.

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Cyornis hainanus

    Cyornis hainanus (Ogilvie grant, 1900) is a small bird of the genus cyornis hainanus (Ogilvie grant, 1900), with a body length of 13-15 cm. The upper body includes two wings and tail, the surface is dark blue, and the eyebrow spots on the forehead and eyes are bright. The throat and chest are dark blue, the lower chest and two flanks are blue gray, and the rest of the lower body is white. The female has olive brown upper body, gray head and head side, yellow eyelid skin, and chestnut brown surface on both wings and tail. The throat and chest are orange yellow, and the rest are white. The upper body and throat chest of the male blue flycatcher are light blue, and the female's throat and chest are gray; the male male's tail feather has white spots, and the female bird's chest has a white spot. The difference is very obvious, and it is not difficult to identify in the field. It has the typical characteristics of forest perched flycatcher, and likes the middle and high layers of evergreen forest in lowland. The call is sweet and pleasant, like a Magpie Robin. It has three rising tones followed by a falling tone, and the final rising tone "Hello mummy".

 

​hoopoe

    Dai Sheng (scientific name: upupupa epops): there are 8 subspecies. According to different subspecies, the body length is 26-28cm, the wingspan is 42-46cm, and the weight is 55-80g. The crown of the head is long and broad and fan-shaped. The color bag is brownish red or sandy pink, with black end spots and white secondary end spots. Head side and back neck light brown, upper back and shoulder gray brown. The lower back is black and mixed with light brown white broad transverse spot. The primary feather is black, with a broad white transverse spot in the middle of the feather, and many white transverse spots in the rest. The wing is covered with black feathers and has wide white or brownish white transverse spots. It has white waist, black tail feathers and a white transverse spot in the middle. The chin, throat and chest are brown. The abdomen is white with brown longitudinal lines. The iris is dark brown. Mouth slender and downward curved, black, base light fleshy, feet and toes lead or brown. It inhabits in mountains, plains, forests, forest margins, roadsides, river valleys, farmland, grassland, villages and orchards and other open areas, especially the forest edge cultivated land habitat is more common. They feed on insects and make nests in holes in trees. Active sex, like to open wet ground, long mouth in the ground to look for food. When there is an alarm, Guan Yu stands up and relaxes after taking off. They breed in May and June every year. They choose natural tree holes and borer holes hollowed out by woodpeckers to nest and lay eggs. Sometimes they also build nests in holes in rock crevices, dikes and broken walls. 5-9 eggs per litter.

 

​Monodon

    Longchura Punctulata is a small bird with a body length of 10-12 cm. The mouth is thick and dark brown, the upper body is brown, the lower back and tail are covered with feathers, the feather margin is white, and the tail is olive yellow. The chin and throat are dark chestnut brown, and the rest of the lower body is white with obvious dark reddish brown scale spots. It inhabits in the low mountains, hills, foothills and plains of farmland, villages, forest edge sparse forest and river valley areas below 1500 meters above sea level. In addition to pairing activities during breeding, they often form large groups of 20-30 or even hundreds of birds, sometimes mingling with sparrows and white rumped birds. It feeds on grains and other crops, and also eats seeds and fruits of grass seeds and other wild plants. It also eats some insects during breeding.